In 1979 the Einstein Observatory, made the surprising discovery that many O stars (the hottest, most
 massive stars) are strong
 X-ray sources
 
  
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 Note: X-rays don’t penetrate the
 Earth’s atmosphere, so X-ray telescopes must be in space
 Chandra X-ray image of the Orion star forming region
 q1 Ori C: a
 45,000 K “O” star