What kind of “tools” should a young astronomer have? How can they identify interesting research areas/questions/projects?
The most important thing is to nurture your interest in the world – wanting to understand nature’s workings is what will keep you asking the right questions and picking up the skills you’ll need to be a good researcher.
Learn some computer languages and practical software packages, used, e.g., in data analysis (IRAF in optical astronomy); IDL…
Get involved in doing numerical (i.e. computer) simulations
Read about new research results, eventually begin scanning the literature.
Talk to the faculty!